Has a widespread rebellion even been seeded by a small invasion force?
Many revolutionaries (and counter-revolutionaries) seem to operate under the delusion that the people of some country are ready to join them in military opposition to the existing government. With this idea, they organize a small invasion force with the expectation that an army will materialize as soon as they show that resistance is possible. But this never seems to happen. Below are examples of where that strategy has failed – are there examples of where it has succeeded?
- Bay of Pigs (anti-Communist)
- Che Guevara in Bolivia (Communist)
- Francisco de Miranda’s invasion of Coro, Venezuela (Spanish-American independence)
- Harold Hardrada’s invasion of England (not quite the same, since it relied on aristocrats and not the people in general)
Some other attempts failed because the invaders did not breach the initial defenses (French support for Irish independence, John Brown’s raid)
I am aware of successful support for coup de’etats or existing resistance movements that are in contact with the ‘invaders’, but I cannot think of any where invaders landed and then successfully mobilized local resistance. I’m guessing there are some examples of exiled kings returning with a small force to rally local support, but that isn’t quite the same since it relies on existing contacts among the aristocracy.
Edit: The history of Fillibusters reveals other failures, and no real successes:
- Lopez Expedition (Cuban independence)