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Anniversaries: X years ago today

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80 years ago today, Winston Churchill delivered his famous "Iron Curtain" speech at Westminster College, Missouri.

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115 years ago today, Jean Harlow, an American actress, was born. She portrayed "bad girl" characters and was the leading sex symbol of the early 1930s.

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40 years ago today, Olof Palme, 26th Prime Minister of Sweden, was assassinated in Stockholm.

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30 years ago today, Pokemon was released in Japan with Red and Green

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90 years ago today, Ivan Pavlov, a Russian and Soviet experimental neurologist and physiologist, died. He discovered classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs.

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25 years ago today, Taliban leader Mullah Muhammad Omar ordered to destroy all the statues in Afghanistan "so that no one can worship or respect them in the future".

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185 years ago today, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, a French artist, was born. He was a leading painter in the development of the Impressionist style.

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70 years ago today, in his speech *On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences*, Nikita Khrushchev, leader of the Soviet Union, denounced Stalin.

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70 years ago today, Philip Kerr, a Scottish author, was born. He wrote the Bernie Gunther series of historical detective thrillers.

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53 years ago today, after accidentally straying into the airspace of the Israeli-occupied Sinai Peninsula, Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 was shot down by two Israeli fighter aircraft, killing 108 of the 113 people on board.

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198 years ago today, the inaugural issue of the Cherokee Phoenix, the first newspaper in a Native American language, was published.

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210 years ago today, *The Barber of Seville*, an opera buffa composed by Gioachino Rossini, premiered at the Teatro Argentina in Rome to jeers from the audience.

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80 years ago today, Karen Silkwood, an American laboratory technician and labor union activist, was born.

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10 years ago today, Umberto Eco, an Italian medievalist, philosopher, semiotician, novelist, cultural critic, and political and social commentator, died.

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510 years ago today, Mary I of England was born. She is labeled **"Bloody Mary"**.

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90 years ago today, *The Phantom*, an American adventure comic strip series, began with a daily newspaper strip published by Lee Falk.

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25 years ago today, William Masters, an American gynecologist and the senior member of the Masters and Johnson human sexuality research team, died.

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80 years ago today, ENIAC, the first electronic general-purpose computer, was formally dedicated at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.

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150 years ago today, Alexander Graham Bell applied for a patent for the telephone, as did Elisha Gray.

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30 years ago today, Take That formally announced that they were disbanding. This was followed by the *Greatest Hits* compilation in 1996.

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165 years ago today, Lou Andreas-Salomé, a Russian-born psychoanalyst and a well-traveled author, narrator, and essayist from a French Huguenot-German family, was born.

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100 years ago today, Leslie Nielsen, a Canadian-American actor and comedian, was born. With a career spanning 60 years, he appeared in more than 100 films and 150 television programs.

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100 years ago today, Paul Bocuse, a French chef, was born. Dubbed "the pope of gastronomy", he was affectionately nicknamed **Monsieur Paul** (Mister Paul).

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30 years ago today, IBM supercomputer Deep Blue defeated Garry Kasparov in chess for the first time.

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60 years ago today, Sophie Tucker, a Russian-American singer, comedian, actress, and radio personality, died. She was known by the nickname "the Last of the Red-Hot Mamas".

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60 years ago today, Rick Astley, an English singer, songwriter, radio DJ and podcaster, was born.

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90 years ago today, Tony Ryan, an Irish billionaire businessman and philanthropist, was born. He co-founded Ryanair in 1984 along with cofounders Christy Ryan and Liam Lonergan.

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30 years ago today, Gene Kelly, an American dancer, actor, singer, director and choreographer, died. He was known for his energetic and athletic dancing style.

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83 years ago today, the Battle of Stalingrad comes to an end when Soviet troops accept the surrender of the last organized German troops in the city.

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175 years ago today, Mary Shelley, an English novelist, died. She wrote the Gothic novel *Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus* (1818), which is considered an early example of science fiction.

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Brandon Lee, the son of Bruce Lee, was born today 61 years ago

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340 years ago today, Hans Egede, a Norwegian Lutheran priest and missionary, was born. He launched mission efforts to Greenland, which led him to be styled the Apostle of Greenland.

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80 years ago today, Paul Alexander, an American paralytic polio survivor, attorney and author, was born. He spent the vast majority of his life in an iron lung.

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115 years ago today, the Magonista rebellion in Mexico started when Mexican Liberal Party troops captured the town of Mexicali.

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40 years ago today, the Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrated 73 seconds into its tenth mission, killing all seven crew members.

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54 years ago, Vesna Vulović, survived falling 10,160 m (33,330 ft) after a terrorist blew up the plane she was in.

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75 years ago today, Jarmila Kratochvílová, a Czechoslovak former track and field athlete, was born. In 1983, she set the world record for the 800 metres, which still stands.

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70 years ago today, Buddy Holly, an American singer, songwriter, and musician, attended his first formal recording session, which was produced by Owen Bradley.

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45 years ago today, the Gang of Four were sentenced at their trial. The Gang of Four was a Maoist political faction composed of four Chinese Communist Party officials.

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1,985 years ago today, Claudius was proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinated the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula.

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75 years ago today, Sully Sullenberger, an American retired aircraft pilot, diplomat and aviation safety expert, was born. He is best known for his actions as captain of US Airways Flight 1549.

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125 years ago today, Edward VII was proclaimed King of the United Kingdom after the death of his mother, Queen Victoria.

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80 years ago today, David Lynch, an American filmmaker, actor, painter, and musician, was born. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential filmmakers in the history of cinema.

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I’m currently watching Twin Peaks, as it’s available in the ARTE media library. A very strange series.

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80 years ago today, Dolly Parton, an American singer, songwriter, actress, philanthropist, and businesswoman, was born.

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90 years ago today, Rudyard Kipling, an English journalist, novelist, poet and short-story writer, died. He was born in British India, which inspired much of his work.

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270 years ago today, the Treaty of Westminster, a treaty of neutrality between Frederick the Great of Prussia and King George II of Great Britain, Elector of Hanover, was signed.

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95 years ago today, Caterina Valente, an Italian-French multilingual singer, guitarist, and dancer, was born. She spoke six languages and sang in thirteen.

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150 years ago today, Jack London, an American novelist, journalist and activist, was born.

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50 years ago today, Agatha Christie, an English author, died. She is widely regarded as one of the greatest writers, particularly in the mystery genre.

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60 years ago today, the first episode of *Daktari*, an American family drama series, aired on CBS. The series is an Ivan Tors Films Production in association with MGM Television.

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55 years ago today, Coco Chanel, a French fashion designer and businesswoman, died. She was the founder and namesake of the Chanel brand.

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10 years ago today, on the English musician David Bowie's 69th birthday, *Blackstar*, his twenty-sixth and final studio album, was released. It was recorded in secret in New York City.

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https://www.discogs.com/master/939598-David-Bowie–Blackstar

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5 years ago today, Americans stormed the United States Capitol Building to disrupt certification of the 2020 presidential election, resulting in four deaths and evacuation of the U.S. Congress.

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210 years ago today, George Prevost, a British Army officer and colonial administrator, died. He is most well known as the "Defender of Canada" during the War of 1812.

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90 years ago today, *Billboard* magazine published its first pop chart based on record sales.

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55 years ago today, the ban on cigarette advertising on television and radio began in in the United States.

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80 years ago today, the Humanity Declaration, an imperial rescript issued by Hirohito, the emperor of Japan, was released. In the rescript the Emperor denied the concept of his divinity.

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200 years ago today, Jacques-Louis David, a French painter in the Neoclassical style, died.

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110 years ago today, William Masters, an American gynecologist and the senior member of the Masters and Johnson human sexuality research team, was born.

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40 years ago today, Dian Fossey, an American primatologist and conservationist, was murdered in her cabin at a remote camp in Rwanda, following the killing of a gorilla and subsequent tensions.

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75 years ago today, the Stone of Scone, traditional coronation stone of British monarchs, was taken from Westminster Abbey by Scottish nationalist students. It later turned up in Scotland in 1951.

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80 years ago today, Lemmy, an English musician, was born. He was the founder, lead vocalist, bassist and primary songwriter of the rock band Motörhead, of which he was the only continuous member.

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120 years ago today, Howard Hughes, an American aerospace engineer, business magnate, film producer, and investor, was born.

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60 years ago today, *Doctor Zhivago*, an epic historical romance film, was released theatrically. It was directed by David Lean with a screenplay by Robert Bolt.

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85 years ago today, F. Scott Fitzgerald, an American novelist, essayist, and short story writer, died. He is best known for his novels depicting the flamboyance and excess of the Jazz Age.

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15 years ago today, Mohamed Bouazizi set himself on fire. This act became the catalyst for the Tunisian Revolution and the wider Arab Spring.

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40 years ago today, Paul Castellano, an American crime boss, was murdered.

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250 years ago today, Jane Austen, an English novelist, was born. Her six novels implicitly interpret, critique, and comment on the English landed gentry at the end of the 18th century.

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135 years ago today, Sitting Bull, a Hunkpapa Lakota leader, was killed on Standing Rock Sioux Reservation in South Dakota by U.S. Indian agency police.

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350 years ago today, Johannes Vermeer, a Dutch painter, was buried in the Oude Kerk, in Delft, as recorded in the register. He specialized in domestic interior scenes of middle-class life.

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775 years ago today, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, died. During the Great Interregnum after his death, no claimant was able to secure the imperial crown until 1312.

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195 years ago today, Emily Dickinson, an American poet, was born. Little-known during her life, she has since been regarded as one of the most important figures in American poetry.

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75 years ago today, Joan Armatrading, an English singer-songwriter and guitarist, was born.

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100 years ago today, Sammy Davis Jr., an American singer, actor, comedian, dancer, and musician, was born.

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50 years ago today, Indonesian military forces invaded East Timor.

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70 years ago today, E. D. Nixon and Rosa Parks led the Montgomery bus boycott.

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80 years ago today, Flight 19, a group of TBF Avengers, disappeared in the Bermuda Triangle.

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180 years ago today, Gregor MacGregor, a Scottish soldier, adventurer, and con man, died.

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125 years ago today, Oscar Wilde, an Irish author, poet and playwright, died. He became one of the most popular and influential dramatists in London in the early 1890s.

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85 years ago today, Thelma Mothershed-Wair, an American activist, was born. She was the eldest member of the Little Rock Nine group.

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25 years ago today, in a long-term experiment, the eighth drop of pitch fell, allowing experimenters to calculate the pitch as having a viscosity of approximately 230 billion times that of water.

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25 years ago today, *Since I Left You*, the debut studio album by Australian electronic music group The Avalanches, was released by Modular Recordings.

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https://web.archive.org/web/20080820034309/http://www.theavalanches.com/discography.html

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85 years ago today, Bruce Lee, a Hong Kong-American martial artist, actor, and filmmaker, was born. He was the founder of Jeet Kune Do, a hybrid martial arts philosophy.

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905 years ago today, the *White Ship* sank in the English Channel, drowning William Adelin, son and heir of Henry I of England.

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60 years ago today, the actor Mads Mikkelsen was born

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85 years ago today, Terry Gilliam, an American-British filmmaker, comedian, collage animator, and actor, was born. He gained stardom as a member of the Monty Python comedy troupe.

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30 years ago today, the Dayton Agreement was initialed at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, near Dayton, Ohio, ending three and a half years of war in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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205 years ago today, the American whaleship Essex sank 2,000 nautical miles west of the western coast of South America after it was attacked by a sperm whale.

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30 years ago today, an interview was broadcast in which Diana, Princess of Wales, discussed her own and her husband's extramarital affairs.

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220 years ago today, Ferdinand de Lesseps, a French Orientalist diplomat and later developer of the Suez Canal, was born. In 1869, it joined the Mediterranean and Red Seas.

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40 years ago today, *Psychocandy*, the debut studio album by Scottish rock band the Jesus and Mary Chain, was released by Blanco y Negro Records.

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80 years ago today, Wilma Mankiller, a Native American activist, social worker, community developer and the first woman elected to serve as Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation, was born.

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100 years ago today, Rock Hudson, an American actor, was born. He had a screen career spanning more than three decades, and was a prominent figure in the Golden Age of Hollywood.

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125 years ago today, Eliška Junková, a Czech automobile racer, was born. She is regarded as one of the most significant drivers in Grand Prix motor racing history.

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80 years ago today, Anni-Frid Lyngstad, a Swedish singer, was born. She is best known as one of the founding members and lead singers of the pop band ABBA.

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10 years ago today, coordinated terrorist attacks in Paris perpetrated by the Islamic State killed 130 people and injured 413 others.

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https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34818994

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80 years ago today, Neil Young, a Canadian and American singer-songwriter, was born. He embarked on a music career in Winnipeg in the 1960s.

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50 years ago today, Angola became independent from Portugal.

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505 years ago today, more than 50 people were sentenced and executed in the Stockholm Bloodbath.

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90 years ago today, Alain Delon, a French actor, film producer, screenwriter, singer, and businessman, was born. Delon emerged as one of the foremost European actors of the late 1950s to the 1980s.

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